Football Journey

Finland was arriving at inevitable changes – the old amateur system was beginning to crack. It was increasingly difficult to maintain teams – the financial pressures were getting stronger and stronger. And the sad process of disintegration took place: clubs merging or giving up competitive football, some were changing names as part of restructuring, all desperate attempts to keep the game afloat, which are still at work. As a result, from a time distance Finnish football is very puzzling – unfamiliar names and hard to tell what is the relation of the old clubs to the contemporary ones. One thing is certain – many cities, rather small, had more than one club playing in the best two divisions back in the 1970s. Oulu had 2 clubs in first division and one in second. Kokkola – one in first and two in second. Turku – 2 in first division. So had Kuopio. Lahti – one in first and one in second. Mikkeli was the same. Helsinki, the likeliest city to have more than one club at top level, had 2 in first divison – less than much smaller towns. It was clear that most of the ‘redundant’ clubs will disappear – and they did. Ikissat (Tampere) merged with TaPa under entirely new name – Ilves. This club won promotion to the first division this season. KIF (Helsinki) changed its name to Kiffen, although the club itself remained KIF, as if deliberately – to confuse foreigners. SePS (Seinäjoki) also renamed itself to Sepsi-78. More footnotes are in order, unfortunately, but for the moment changes seemed to work: Sepsi-78 tried hard to win promotion to first division, finishing 3rd in the Second Division. 4 points ahead from the 4th, MP Mikkeli. Not a small advantage in 12-club league, but quite short from promotion too – the winners finished 3 points clear of Sepsi-78.

The top two spots were decided on goal-difference – two clubs ended with 31 points. KTP Kotka got the second place, enough to return to top flight.

The newly formed Ilves (Tampere) clinched first place, immediately showing ambitious teeth. Aparently, the combined strength of two clubs worked: Ilves started with a title. A second division winners, but still a good beginning. As for KTP, probably they were not disappointed by the season either, for they still won promotion.

First division was divided into 4 groups of teams – a curious partition of small 12-club league, but most teams were secure no matter what: two clubs were hopeless outsiders from the start of the season – even their combined record was only good for the last place.

OTP Oulu was last with 6 points. They won just one match… A relatively young club, founded in 1945, it was already doomed – the neighbours OPS were older, having bigger fan base. And Oulu had other clubs too… the agony was long, but there is no OTP today: in 2002 they plus few other clubs merged into AC Oulu.

A point better than OTP was Kiffen. They had twice the number of victories of OTP – two.

Kronohagens Idrottsforening (abbreviated KIF) are old – formed in 1908. As most continental clubs, it is all-sport club and the football section is just one among many. In the ancient past, KIF won three titles – back in the 1910s. By the 1970s it was no longer a force – not in Helsinki, let alone Finland. They changed the name to Kiffen, as fans called it anyway, but the big change brought nothing… they were relegated. 7 points were 10 points short from safety. The drop continued – Kiffen exists still, but can be found in Third Division.

With outsiders so weak, the rest of the league had nothing to worry about. Four clubs seemingly just went through the motions. Three more – TPS Turku, OPS Oulu, and MiPK Mikkeli – just distanced themselves from the rabble, building a 5-point advantage by the end of the season, but had nothing to do with with the title: they were also 5 points behind from 3rd placed club. Three clubs competed for the title and at the end 2 points separated the champions from the bronze medalists.

Haka Valkeakoski finished 3rd, not a surprise – they were usually strong in the 1960s and 1970s, one of the more familiar names in Europe, for they often played in the European cups.

KPT Kuopio finished second with 32 points – a point better than Haka, and a point away from the title.

This was the best so far season of Kuopion Pallotoverit, as their full name was – or Koparit, as they were also known. They played quite regularly in first division, but also were no strangers to relegation. A great season, but this is a club not to be found today… they disbanded in 1990.

The title was clinched by a point – HJK Helsinki finished with 33 points. Thanks to winning most matches in the league – 13. They did not excell in anything else – KPT Oulu lost the same number of matches, 2; TPS Turky scored more goals than the champions – 57 to HJK’s 52; almsot half the league had better defensive record than the champions, including the 10th placed Pyrkivä Turku. HJK received much goals than their pursuers – 29. Hada allowed 19 and KPT only 15. But no matter – HJK enjoyed the final victory.

HJK were not exactly ‘the big, dominating club’ of Finnish football, but were consistently strong and often winning trophies. So, one more… as for the squad, the names mean very little: Jouko Soini, Atik Ismail, Adil Ismail, Juha-Pekka Laine, Risto Salomaa, Dan Högström, Martti Holopainen, Ari Lehkosuo, Matti Kinnunen, Eero Virta, Juha Dahilund, Pasi Rautiainen, Henry Forssell, Jorma Virtanen, Olli Isoaho, Kalle Niemi, Miikka Toivola. Two foreign names here – Atik and Adil Ismail, most likely naturalized immigrants, for the amateur Finnish clubs had no means to import players. Shirt sponsorship was already common – an obvious effort to bring some cash to the clubs. Good for the boys, though – winning a championship counts.

The Cup final opposed Reipas Lahti to TPS Kuopio. An excellent season for TPS – they were at the top at both championship and cup. Perhaps the best season ever, but… without a trophy. The Cup final was two-legged – Reipas won 3-1 the first match and tied the second 1-1. The best season of TPS meant no trophy – twice second, twice coming very close to winning, but no. Still, given the history of the club – a big success.

In the 1970s it was quite normal to see Reipas winning something or at least coming close to winning. Strong years of the ancient club, founded in 1891. They were weak in the championship this year, finishing 9th, but won the Cup. A purely historic record remains today: neither of the 1978 Cup finalists exists now.

 

Northern Ireland – the second oldest league in the world, but what a sorry state… Obscurity. Twelve semi-professional clubs competed in closed league, no promotion and relegation, and hardly any decent players. There was much ups and downs, yet, the league was more or less dominated by the two ‘big clubs’ from Belfast – Linfield and Glentoran. Belfast was represented by few other clubs – Crusaders, Cliftonville and Distillery – but they played smaller role. Even the big clash between Catholics and Protestants was more likely to happen in Glasgow, not in bullet ridden Belfast. And nothing really new happened on Northern Irish stadiums this year. Ballymena United was the absolute outsider – last with 10 points, but nothing to worry about since there was no relegation to a lower division.

Up on top – not much either.

Glenavon (Lurgan) were 3rd – comfortably third, 3 points ahead of the next pursuer, but not even dreaming of higher place – they finished 6 points behind the silver medalists. Which meant only one thing: no UEFA Cup for Glenavon – Northern Ireland had only single allotment.

Second place meant playing international games, however briefly. It was taken by usual suspects – Glentoran.

The squad is only a matter of record, as ever, but the season was not very strong – Glentoran were much stronger than the rest of the league, but were not contenders. Except for the derby, they did not challenge Linfield.

So it was a one-horse race. Linfield lost a single match during the campaign. They had no rivals. Won 19 out of 22 total matches, outscored the league by far – 65 goals. The second best was Glentoran with 59.

Linfield finished 6 points ahead of their rival and collected their 31st title. But it was not all – the champions also reached the Cup final. The other finalist was curious one: Ballymena United, the weakest team in the league.

A relatively young by Irish standards modest club, founded in 1928, Ballymena United never won anything. A club normally found in the lower half of the league table – the only thrill the local derby with Coleraine. A dismal season, suddenly compensated by progress in the Cup. Ballymena had a chance… before the match was played. They lost 1-3.

They lost, predictably, but they lost to the champions and thus, as Cup finalists, got to play in the European Cup Winners Cup. Bit success for the lowly club. But this is almost everything to be said about the ‘Braidmen’ – dissatisfaction and increasingly sinking reputation of the Cup Winners Cup were based on participants like Ballymena United. The other thing which should be mentioned is the the clubs kit – perhaps the first club in Northern Ireland using shirts advertisement.

As for the winners, it was their 31st Cup. A curious parity – 31 titles and 31 Cups, won at the same time.

A double, supremacy in everything, record numbers of wins – such achievers are usually legendary. And perhaps this squad is legendary in Belfast. But nowhere else… it is modest, anonymous team. Few players appeared for Northern Ireland, but left no lasting memories. Perhaps Peter Rafferty is the best example – the star of Linfield played only few matches for the national team and did not attract the interest of English or Scottish clubs, even those of lower divisions. The crème of Northern Ireland never played at home, it is easy to draw conclusion about the strength of the supreme champions.

 

Norway, modest as ever, but not without intrigue. The Cup final opposed Lillestrom SK and Brann.

Lillestrom, led by their wonderful star Tom Lund, prevailed – 2-1 – and won one more trophy. The strongest years of the club continued.

The championship was a bit different than usually – Norwegian football had no overwhelming favourites, teams appeared quite equal, but this season the 12-club league split into three distinct groups. Three clubs fought their own battle at the bottom, trying to reach the save 10th place. Molde FK were the lucky ones at end with 12 points. The previous year they were at the top of the table, but such changes of fate or strength were common. At least Molde escaped relegation. By a point – the other two clubs finished with 11 points each.

Having better goal-difference, Lyn (Oslo) finished 11th. No matter – relegated they were. One of the oldest clubs in the country, founding member of the Football Association of Norway in 1902, champions and Cup winners, but all was history and quite ancient history too. The last success was the double in 1968. The decline of the club representing upper middle class was not temporary – it turned out to be long and painful. The relegation was not even the worst moment, but rather an early signal that Lyn was permanently losing its leading position. Perhaps to the joy of their city rivals, Valerenga, the working class club.

Last finished the opposite kind of club like Lyn.

Steinkjer FK had no glorious past, not even memorable one. The club played rarely and briefly in first division. Old they were, founded in 1910, but their existence was marked by a single triumph: the second place in 1961-62 championship. Soon they was back in second division and after ten years there they were finally promoted in 1977. 1978 was not good at all – this happened to be the last time Steinkjer played top league football. Outsiders…

Six clubs occupied the middle of the table – relegation was not a concern (the weakest of the group finished 6 points ahead of Molde), not disturbing the leaders either (the gap between 3rd and 4th place was 5 points). Only Brann deserves mentioning of this group – they reached the Cup final and also they were the top scoring team in the league with 52 goals. They finished 5th.

The last group battled for the title. Two familiar contenders – Viking (Stavanger) and Lillestrom, perhaps the best Norwegian clubs of this decade. No surprise seeing them on top. The trird club, although familiar name, was a surprise. IK Start (Kristiansand) were not often at the very top, so bets were on the obvious rivals. Viking finished 3rd with 31 points. Above them ended Lillestrom thanks to better goal-difference. The champions had 2 points more – 33 – and they were the underdog: Start. True to their name to the finish.

One more old club – Start was founded in 1905 – but nothing more. Regular members of the first league, sometimes among the best, but so far not a single trophy. And may be Viking and Lillestrom did not take them seriously, given Start’s history. May be the other contenders were preoccupied with fighting each other and did not pay attention to the dark horse. Whatever it was, Start collected point after point and at the end had the most.

First time champions! Such squads are usually remembered and called legendary… unfortunately, Norwegian players meant nothing outside their home country. No names… but champions! Well done. Yet, they were unusual – lower levels of world football were marked by high scoring at that time. Norway was not an exception as a whole – her champion was, though. Given the numbers, Start appeared clearly defensive-minded team. Their strength was at the back – they received only 13 goals in 22 championship games. The next best record was 22 – shared by Lillestrom and Viking. But the attack… Start scored just 30 goals. Only three clubs scored less – the relegated Lyn and Steinkjer, and the 7th placed Bryne. Yet, Start won the most matches this championship – 13. Strong defense paid out.

 

Wales, an anomaly not only on the British isles – ancient clubs, one of the earliest official tournaments in the world – the Welsh Cup was played in 1877-78 for the first time – and no championship. The Cup itself was organized differently than anywhere else – English clubs were also allowed to participate and won it on five occasions, but we are not talking here of Manchester United, Arsenal, or Liverpool, but of small clubs playing in lower divisions or outside the professional leagues. Thus, the authority of Cup was not very commanding. Welsh football was really based on 4 teams – the national team and the three professional clubs playing in the English leagues. Yet, Wales was represented in the Cup Winners Cup by their current winner – and, lacking a championship of its own, not represented in any other European club tournament. Given the peculiar circumstances, it was logical that the professional clubs would dominate the Cup and among them Cardiff City was the best known and the highest ranking – they were currently in Second Division, Wrexham – in Third, and Swansea City in Forth. Wisdom tells that Cardiff City were practically without competition, but ‘wisdom’ in football is dubious thing.

Cardiff City were historically the best Welsh club with some considerable success. Presently, they were down on their luck – they finished 19th in the English Second Division, barely escaping relegation by a point – but still were the highest placed Welsh club. Yes, they were in decline for some time and the other two professional clubs were rising – Wrexham won the Third Division this year and Swansea City was third in Forth, thus earning a promotion to Second – but Cardiff was the obvious choice. Alas, reality was different – they did not reach the final. Nor Swansea City which already started perhaps the best period of existence, leading them to First Division in few years.

Wrexham reached the final and the other finalist was Bangor City. Ancient club, founded in 1876, distinguished by two ‘firsts’: they won the inaugural season of the Welsh Cup and also in first edition of the UEFA Europa League (this, however, happened much later than the year presented here).

Bangor City also played in the very first Welsh championship in 1922 – yes, there was Welsh championship, but it was amateur or semi-professional, and not representing the Welsh Federation internationally, mat be because the top clubs played in the much better English leagues. And not only that: there had been various Welsh leagues – Bangor City was founding member of 7 such leagues before the 20th century ended. Which one was ‘the league’ was impossible to tell again pretty much to the end of the century. Anyhow, Bangor City, semi-professional at best, reached the final and had a good chance of winning the Cup for a forth time. The last time they won it was 1962 and the last time they played at the final was in 1973.

But it was not to be – Bangor City lost both legs of the final – 1-2 and 0-1 – not by much, almost equal to the rising professionals against them, but ‘almost’ brings no satisfaction. Wrexham won.

Wrexham won the Cup, as they did so many times during their long history. Their crest says 1873, but the club was founded even earlier – in 1854. One of the oldest clubs in the world and the oldest in Wales. Their Welsh names is Clwb Pêl-droed Wrecsam – it is much safer to stick to Bangor City, it seems. Long history, but the club is not famous – just one small professional club, normally playing in the lower English divisions. They excelled in the Welsh Cup, though and won it more than anybody else. The current victory was not easy, but still a victory.

 

A very good year for Wrexham – champions of the Englsih Second Division, earning promotion to higher league, winning the Welsh Cup.

 

The two Irish cups did not bring surprises.

Dundalk won the League Cup. A compensation for otherwise weak season – they finished 11th in the league. The victory was not easy at all – the final ended at 2-2 tie. The replay was exactly the same – 2-2. Penalty shoot-out clinched the victory, but perhaps the losers deserve the final word: they were Cork Alberts. The short history of the club under this name makes them successful in peculiar way – two mid-table seasons in first division and cup final. That is all… and 1977-78 is the best ever season.

The FA Cup final opposed Sligo Rovers, having a good spell at that time period, to Shamrock Rovers, a traditional powerhouse in Irish football. Both clubs were ambitious to win, especially because they had relatively weak championship.

Sligo Rovers, champions very recently, were entirely out of the race for the title this year. So, the Cup was most desireable. They fought… they lost 0-1.

One more trophy collected by Shamrock Rovers, familiar story, season finished well after all.

Happy winners, whoever they were… as every other Irish team, Shamrock Rovers had no known players. Oops, not true – Johnny Giles was there, fresh from a spell Philadeplhia Fury, USA. A really big name in the Irish league, a star player of Manchester United, Leeds United, captaining the Irish national team for years. Surely he was making a big difference… except that he was 37-years old… the Irish predicament: big names played in Ireland only at the end of their careers, if at all. Giles stayed with Shamrock Rovers until 1983, which is quite a verdict on the strength of the Irish league: elsewhere was and is absolutely unlikely a player to kick the ball in first division and for a leading club when over 40.

 

 

Republic of Ireland – one more season barely noticed outside the country. Since there was no second division, promotion-relegation was done in a way peculiar for the British Isles: election. Others decided if and which club meets the criteria for playing top flight. Given the usual strength of second leagues everywhere, the method chosen for promotion did not really matter – lower division clubs were seldom strong addition to the best. Even when ‘the best’ were not much, as it was traditionally the case of Ireland. There was no escape from the predicament: all better Irish players went to English and Scottish clubs at early age and hardly ever came back. This season was no different The elected newcomers were Galway Rovers and Thurles Town. They promptly occupied the very bottom places in the league and settled there – Thurles finished last with 10 points, winning just a single match. Galway were 15th with 16 points. The 14th placed Cork Celtic had 22 points – the newcomers were much weaker than anybody else, giving some indirect idea how difficult was promoting teams to first division even by election: they were simply no good.

Perhaps the only interesting thing was the case of Cork Alberts – they finished 9th, but such a club had played only two years in first division. Previously they were known as Albert Rovers. Change of name often suggests trouble… the new name did not last either, changed to Cork United and the club sunk back into obscurity. The city of Cork clearly was not able to support more than one club – and Cork United disappeared entirely, after merging with Cork Celtic.

So, the season was meaningful only at the top of he league – 5 clubs scrambled in the contest for the title. Waterford finished 5th with 39 points. Shamrock Rovers, one of the traditionally stronger Irish clubs, ended 4th with 40 points and losing bronze medals on goal-difference. Drogheda United clinched 3rd place. Second were Finn Harps with 42 points.

A very young club by the standards of the British Isles – they were formed in 1954. For those speaking Celtic, the name of the club is Cumann Peile Chlairsigh na Finne, and for non-supporters – ‘yo-yo club’, for their only regularity is moving between first and second tier of Irish football. However, they became ‘yo-yo club’ after 1990, and the 1970s were more or less their glory days. 1977-78 was one of their strongest ever – they came close to a title, losing the race by 2 points. They were also the club winning most matches in the league – 19.

Here they are – the pride of County Donegal. No name rings a bell, but success is success. Especially when happens so rare and the club will soon start its long-lasting decline.

The champions were familiar and ancient – Bohemian FC (Dublin).

There is no relation, but the club is mostly known combined with the other Bohemians, from Prague. The name is attractive, hence the clubs were often mentioned together. Of course, in Celtic their name is Cumann Peile Boitheamaigh, but commonly they are called just Bohemians. Founded in 1890, as a club from this region should be. They were traditionally strong force in Irish football, winning so far 6 titles. They were good this year – lost only 3 matches, scored 74 goals – the most by far in the league, and had the second-best defensive record. They were not really dominant, though – with 44 points, they were 2 points ahead of Finn Harps and the other pursuers were close too.

7th title, but perhaps the only memorable thing about that team is the wild – or bohemian – look of Ryan. True to name.

The Cup final was a drama rarely seen not only in Denmark. Esbjerg had really great season – second in the championship and Cup finalists. No doubt, they were eager to win something. But so were their opponents of Frem. One of the traditionally successful Danish clubs, now down on their luck… mid-table was probably hearting and in need of remedy. Good or bad, strong or weak, neither opponent was giving up. The final, played in front of 12 700-strong crowd, finished 1-1. A replay… now the audinece dropped to… 1 807 fans. One of the reasons replays were becoming increasingly unpopular was just that: people were not showing up to see a replay. As for the game, it also finished 1-1. A third match was scheduled, leaving the problem with replays wide open – the gates improved to 2 300, but this was nothing near the attendance of the first match. Drama and suspence were rether tiring for the fans… and drama it was to the very end… 6-5 after overtime and penalty shoot-out.

BK Frem won. Very old club, founded in 1886, and relatively strong in the past, but the Cup was not their forte. So far, they had won it only once – in 1956. After that year Frem went into a long dry spell, winning no trophy. At last they won again – their second Cup.

The squad is typically anonymous, but the club managed to win the dramatic final. The victory may have been important in another aspect – Frem had quite a few rivals in Copenhagen (B 1901, B 1903, B 93 played in first division as well as Frem) and success almost surely meant survival – in a long term, literally: none of those names exists today. Frem went into bankruptcy too… Yes, it looked fine at the moment – the Cup more or less ensured that the jeans makers ‘Lee Cooper’ will continue to use Frem’s jerseys for their adds, but how long even Copenhagen was able to support old-fashioned clubs with small fan base? As it was, 1978 was almost the last gasp of Frem – from the distance of time, the Cup winners should be more appreciated perhaps.

Relegated clubs were in similar position – Randers Freja ended last, quite behind everybody else with measly 16 points.

Very weak season, but was the next to be similar?

Perhaps financing was an issue – they also displayed different sponsors on their shirts, although not as many as Skovbakken: only 4. An old club, but not very successful – they won the Cup three times and that was all, but their victories were fairly recent: 1967,1968, and 1973. Now going down – a typically unpredictable Danish clubs. Every season appeared to be pretty by itself, unrelated to even to recent past and not necessarily forcasting the future. Down for the moment, distinguishing themselves with the leakiest defence in the league – they received 88 goals. The next worst ended with 59.

Koge Boldclub finished 15th with 21 points.

Another up and down, although little known club… not much of a fighter this year, but they were Danish champions in 1975. So quickly fate changed in Denmark – no consistency at all.

By the look of them, relatively better off club: only two sponsors. A female masseur – something extremely unusual in the 1970s when football was entirely male from bottom to top. But Scandinavia was different – more relaxed, or may be because the game was not so fanatical as in the rest of the world.

14th were Frederikshavn fI. They also ended with 21 points, but better goal-difference than Koge. No comfort in that – they were still 3 points short of a safe spot.

Now, Frederikshavn forenede Idrætsklubber (also known as FfI or Frederikshavn fI) were what could pass for a really modest Danish club. They rarely played in First Division – a total of 5 season scattered in the 1960s and the 1970s. Unlikely member of the top league and unlikely coming back too.

And also typical of the Danish predicament: 7 sponsors tried to keep the club afloat. Watching Danish teams perhaps was a nighmare – every player seemed to be dressed in kit hardly matching anybody else’s on the pitch. It did not look like advertising, but rather like donation from friendly firms.

The rest of the league was more or less equal – no strong favourites and no big internal divisions. Perhaps Frem (Coppenhagen) were a bit low on their luck – they finished 10th – but was it a decline or just temporary weak seasons was impoosible to tell. OB Odense, AGF Aarhus, and Esbjerg fB fought for thrid and second place, eventually losing their edge during the season and all finishing quite behind the champions. OB Odense finished 4th with 38 points – may be unlucky, may be a bit weaker than the others.

With 39 points AGF Aarhus got bronze. Much better than their city rivals Skovbakken and one of historically successful Danish clubs, but the 1970s were not their time – nothing to brag about so far. Perhaps professionalism was good for them – they seemingly improved this year, yet it remained to be seen was it just a lucky season or something more consistent.

If adds could be any reliable indicaction, top spot depended on ability to attract sponsors: unlike the weaklings above, AaB had only one sponsor.

Second, with 40 points, finished Esbjerg forenede Boldklubber – or Esbjerg fB.

Their birthdate is a bit misleading – 1924 is actually the year when two local rivals merged into the Esbjerg fB. One of the original clubs was founded in 1898, the other in 1911. The new amalgamation was ambitious project, or so the club historians say. Esbjerg’s golden years were in the 1960s, when they won 4 titles and one cup. All ended in 1965, but a second good spell started in mid-70s: they won the Cup in 1975 and finished 2nd in 1978. May be better days laid ahead?

The ever-present ‘may be’… based on single sponsor and the presense of the national team goalkeeper Ole Kjaer. And may be Berthelsen… may be, may be, may be… on the negative side: they were second, but not a contender even when strong.

No ‘may be’ about the champions as such: at the end of the season, they appeared really dominant, finishing 4 points away from Esbjerg. The name was also familiar – Vejle BK.

Europeans were familiar with the name in the 1970s and it looked like to be ‘the big Danish club’, but this was misconception. The club is old, indeed, but not a force until 1970. The decade was the most succesful period in the club’s history – and also the most successful Danish club at the time, winning 4 titles, including 1978. Allan Simonsen played for them before going to Borussia (Moenchengladbach) and big fame. More or less, Vejle were consistent and this very season was one of their best ever: they reached the 1/4 finals in the 1977-78 European Cup Winners Cup.

Champions again, but how trully solid was the squad? No new Simonsen there… not even a new Ulrich Le Fevre… Well, judging champions would not do – they won, others did not.

 

In the history of Danish football 1978 is very important: professionalism was introduced. The effect was not immediate – it was really long-term project. The Danish Federation reluctantly realized the changes in the game: it was not longer possible to sustain even relatively high quality amateur football. The direction was clear and inevitable. The Danes already took small steps – professional players were permitted to play for the national team since 1971. But it was half-measure at best – foreign-based players were rarely and reluctantly called and they were not very eager to don the Danish jersey for they were not paid for the trouble. The national team operated still on amateur basis – even coaches had no paying contracts. But reality was biting: amateur clubs had difficulties surviving. They were not getting money for the players joining foreign clubs, or they got very small compensation. It was increasingly difficult to develop good player in amateur structure – football was full-time job for very long time already and whoever wanted results needed to organize the whole structure professionally. The Federation resisted changes to the end, perhaps with some justified motifs: Danish clubs were old and not exclusively football clubs. The fan base was small, but loyal to their clubs, meaning it was not possible to forcefully amalgamate three or more clubs in otherwise small town into bigger and financially stable one. Denmark is a small and not particularly crazy about football country, so ambitious plans of creating a few mega-clubs was entirely unrealistic. The idea was never to make Danish clubs equal to British, Italian, Spanish, and West German clubs – the point was rather stabilizing the clubs, so they would be able to continue developing young talent and eventually getting income from transfers. It was mostly a matter of survival, not success. The most immediate impact was felt by 1982 and it involved the national team: the change in 1978 helped the national team with a big sponsor – the famous brewery Carlsberg – and thanks to the cash coming from the beer makers the Federation hired in 1979 fully professional coach – the West German Sepp Pionteck. And foreign-based players became the core of the new national team: now it was easy to call them to play for the country – travel expenses and bonuses were paid. But the change was not fully based on the Federation’s good will – they were also forced on it. Voices in favour of professionalism were not new and one of the most vocal belonged to Harald Nielsen, one of the all-time greatest Danish players. A big star in the 1960s, he played in Italy for Bologna, Napoli, and Sampdoria. Injury ended his career at 29 and he returned to Denmark. Nielsen was more than advocate of professionalism – he was involved in the pirate professional league as well. It was a classic problem, although coming very late to Denmark – in most countries the split happened before 1930, inevitably forcing federations to accept professionalism. It was a battle between legal body insisting on ‘purity’ vs clubs contracting players and organizing their own ‘rogue’ championship. As a rule of thumb, the best clubs were more than willing to go to the rogues and the Federation was almost left with no choice: the rebels were more attractive to the top players and fans were quickly following. The quality was higher among professionals, it was that simple – and nobody cared that they were ‘illegal’ and banished for life from the ‘official’ body. Not every club was in favour of that, but the results were clear – the best talent was abandoning the amateur clubs. The stand off always ended with quick legalization of professionalism – Denmark was no exception. On the surface, nothing changed at first: the league remained exactly as it was. Former ‘pirate’ clubs rather disappeared. If anything, Danes were level-headed and cool – they were not looking for some immediate results, but for long-term stability and gradual improvement. No club went on shopping spree or declared sudden ambitions of becoming a mega-club. Most likely the change helped the youth systems of the clubs. Finding money was perhaps the biggest concern – sponsorship was nothing new in Denmark, but it was not very lucrative. More or less, the real concern was finding the best way of using limited resources. Nothing fancy, just a careful long-term project – Europe hardly noticed the big change and the first noticeable thing was the national team. Four years later! Stronger Danish clubs were noticed and recognized probably around 1985-86, but it was mostly healthy recognition that Danish clubs were no longer an automatically easy opponent. As for the first professional season, it was hardly different from the old amateur ones.

Before anything else, a bit of trivia, illustrating the fundamental problem Danish football was facing, professional or not: money. Shirt adds were introduced years before, but nothing changed just because the clubs were now professional. Some were unable to get sponsors. Others had to improvise. Perhaps the following picture is unique: shirt adds are uniform, right?

IK Skovbakken (Aarhus) was not able to get enough money from a single sponsor. There were at least two other clubs in the city… which is not big… so the club had to be creative.

The players are not important here: 10 firms advertise on 11 players. Looking like sponsoring individual players, not the club – and it may have been that. Air Marine is apparently the biggest sponsor, having their name on the chests of two players. ‘Ford’ equal to ‘Royal Stake House’, most likely just a local restaurant. Most likely no other club ever displayed such strange photo, but it is an acute illustration of the deep problem of Danish football: money. Hard to get… Skovbakken finished 9th… not a place making sponsors willing to invest.

But Skovbakken was at least out of relegation zone. Three clubs were going down – to be replaced by the second division winners.

AaB Aalborg – also referred to as AaB Fodbold and Aalborg BK – was an up and down club. So far, the club won the Cup twice – in 1966 and 1970 – but slipped again to second division. Professionalism sounded fine, but Danish football was really semi-professional: it was up to the individual clubs to decide when, if at all, to become fully professional. In the case of AaB – 1987.

Traditionally shaky newcomers or returnees – at least they had seemingly better sponsor, judging by the uniform adds on their shirt.

The next promoted club was Ikast fS.

Another club with meaningless name outside Denmark – no trophies, no regular first division record, nothing.

Good for them going up and good luck in the new environment.

The last promotion went to club with more or less familiar name.

Hvidovre IF – a relatively young club by Danish standards, founded in 1925. Champions twice, the last time in 1973 – thanks to their brief participation in the European Champions Cup, the name was known, but like almost every Danish club a success one year did not mean stable performance later. Hvidovre were relegated and now were coming back.

There was no telling what impact Hvidovre would have on the first division – but this was true for the other promoted clubs and for the whole Danish football as well.

The Cup final opposed Trabzonspor to Adanademirspor. The Northerners were force to reckon with already. Strong season, plenty of ambition, and classy enough. Adanademirspor were nobodies… they finished 13th with 25 points the championship. But one has to recall the great season of their city neighbours, who ended 4th. The city of Adana not only had wonderful season, but added new strength to the provincials. Was another Trabzon coming rapidly to disturb the old dominance of Istanbul?

There is a bit of confusion about the name: it is written Adanademirspor, Adana Demirspor, and Demirspor. The problem is obvious, although not well known: there are clubs with the same name in Turkey, so the name of city is included to make clear which one is meant. Relatively old club by Turkish standards – many clubs were formed in the 1960s, either new or amalgamated old and forgotten since then ones. Foundation in 1940 appears ancient in contrast, but Demirspor had more than modest existence so far. They were champions ones – in 1951, when Turkish football was still amateur. Not bad, but nothing good happened after the league was professionalized. Their nickname – Mavi Simsekler (Blue Lightning) – sounded like a joke. So far. Now they had a chance to win a real trophy.

The two-legged final started in Trabzon and Demirspor lost 0-3. Back home they managed only a scoreless tie, 0-0.

Losing finalists – yet, this team is well remembered in Adana: this is the highest ever achievement of the club.

As for the winners – 4th trophy since 1975. No doubt about them.

Winning the Cup looked easy, they were certainly dominant. Their coach was instrumental and must be named: Ahmet Suat Özyazıcı.

Surely not a famous name, but he made Trabzonspor a strong and successful club. Not many win 4 trophies in three years after all.

And here are the winners, rightly nicknamed ‘Karadeniz Firtinasi’ (Black Sea Storm). They were taking Turkish football by storm. Long lasting storm.